Preface 4
Basic principles 7
1 Fundamental terms and definitions 11
2 Esophagoscopy 26
3 Gastroscopy 39
8.1 ERC 93
8.2 ERP 96
Illustrations 123
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
ERCP
EUS
Index
The origins of this publication go back to the years preceding the IV World Congress of Digestive Endoscopy in Madrid (1978) where a round table conference on endoscopic terminology was organized with S. Tasaka as President and Z. Maratka as Moderator (1). The contributions to this conference constituted a nucleus from which the idea of a written document originated.
The Committee of Terminology in Digestive Endoscopy was founded by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) in 1976 and was raised to a Committee of the World Society of Digestive Endoscopy (OMED) in 1978. Thus the preparation of a draft of endoscopic terminology was set on a world-wide scale.
From the very beginning it has been clear that terminology in endoscopy is different from the terminology of digestive disease. The endoscopist must describe what he sees and then try to interpret his visual perception in terms of clinical diagnosis. Developing a consistent descriptive endoscopic terminology has been the primary goal of this publication.
The first draft was discussed during the European Congress in Hamburg in 1980. It was then circulated to the members of the Committee and revised accordingly. A further meeting took place during the World Congress in Stockholm in 1982, and following it a more elaborate draft was prepared and recirculated. Valuable comment and additions were received from the members of the Committee and other collaborators. The chapter on laparoscopy was written by G. Dagnini and M. Patella, that on ERCP by G. Machado and C.W. Venables
The purpose of these repeated revisions by a number of experienced endoscopists from different countries was to make the draft as authoritative as possible. However, not all contributors could agree on everything. Dissimilar or controversial opinions were expressed either on the selection of terms or on definitions, and sometimes the final decision had to be made by the Editor.
The first English edition of the book was published in 1984 and in subsequent years was followed by further editions and translations in other languages (2).
OMED terminology has been discussed at all European and World Congresses of Digestive Endoscopy since 1978 and a number of articles have been published on different aspects of terminology and activities of the OMED Committee (3-12).
This forth edition has been revised and updated. The chapter on ERCP was revised, that on endoscopic ultrasonography rewritten using the definitions indicated by Lars Aabakken et al. (13). Illustrations documenting impotant EUS findings were added. The chapter on therapeutic endoscopy was complemented by W. Rösch and J. Riemann. The atlas illustrating the terms and findings most commonly seen in the endoscopic practice (14) was enlarged and complemented, especially in the section on ERCP, and incorporated into the book.
Correct terminology is a part of correct diagnosis. The OMED nomenclature offers a comprehensive list of terms used in digestive endoscopy, organized in a hierarchical system and provided with definitions and diagnostic criteria. Being such it serves as a didactic tool for basic and postgraduate education of the endoscopist and as reference source for communication and documentation. On its basis the Minimal Standard Terminology for endoscopic records was worked out by the European Society of Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopy to assure compatibility of the records and softwares.(14) The terms used there are provided in this book by an asterisk and have the same code number.
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Prague, April 1999
Zdenek Maratka